Incising machine



Oct. 25 1927.,

D. W. EDWARDS ET AL INGISING MACHINE Filed June 50, 1922 4 Sheecs Shet 1 '25 1927 D. w. EDWARDS E AL INCISING MACHINE Fil d Jun so, 1922 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 I I I I I l I I I I I I I at 25 9 W27. 1,646,955

D. w. EDWARDS ET AL INCISING MACHINE Filed June so, 1922 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 D. W. EDWARDS ET AL INCISING MACHINE Filed June 50, 1922 7 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Fatented Get. 25, F927.

stares F i i DANIEL W. EDWARDS, TAKOMA PARK, MARYLAND, AND JUDSON H. MANSFIELD, 0F ROCKFORD, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNORS T0 GREENLEE BEDS. 8:: 00., OF RQCKFORID, ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION OF ILLINOIS. I

IHCISING MACHINE.

Application filed June 30,

This invention pertains to the art of preserving wood, and has more particular reference to mechanical means for incising or perforating the surface of wood to prepare it for treatment by preservative fluid. The value of preserving by crcosoting and like processes is well recognized, and is especially desirable as a means for preventing chec'lc ing'and deterioration in railway ties, timbers, and beams used for structural .purposes. It is found, however, that some species of wood are so refractory in their resistance. to preservative treatment, due to the peculiar nature of their cellular structure, that it is practically impossible by merely external application, to secure proper penetration of the preservative, at least, without serious injury to the physical strength of the timber caused by over-heating during treatment. This condition has been overcome by incising or perforating the surface of the timber so that the fibres are opened at spaced intervals permitting the preservative to pass lengthwise and crosswise of the grain over a limited area. By properly arranging or spacing the incisions, these areas meet or overlap and in this way penetration of the preservative fluid will be complete for a given depth. This process while generally applicable, is especially desirable in the treatment of certain species of wood which on account of its comparative hardness and toughness and the refractory character of its heart Wood, makes it very Well suited for use for railway ties and .for timbers and beams usedin the building of bridges, bulk heads, pontoons, culverts, marine railways, .and for mining timbers, etc.

The present invention relates more particularly to the incising or perforating of timbers commercially, and has for its primary object the provision of an improved and novel machine for this purpose. In other wordshwc have aimed to provide a commercially successful ineising machine by means of which the incising operation may be performed at a comparatively low cost, with uniform results regardless of variations in sizes in ditferentclasses of timbers or 0 tics and in such manner asvto secure complete and uniform penetration of the preservative without impairing the physical strength of the timber.

1922. Serial No. 572,010.

enable reduction or complete elimination of check ng in green ties and timber, if the perforating is done with reasonable promptnes-s after cutting and is followed by impregnation, to enable reduction of tempera tures required to secure satisfactory impregnation, and to enable reduction of the time required to treat the timber in the retorts. lnfurtherance of the foregoing, we have provided an incising machine of novel con-- struction, especially suited for the conditions and requirements above set forth. The structural features and advantages of this machine will be better understood by those skilled in this art as the invention becomes better understood by reference to the following description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawin s, in which a Figure 1 is a top view of an incising machine embodying our invention;

Fig.2 is a vertical longitudinal sectional v ewthrough the machine taken substantially on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1;

F gs. 3 and 4 are fragmentary vertical sectional views taken substantially on the lines 3-3 and ll-d, respectively, of Fig. 2;

Figs. 5 and 6 are detail sections taken respectively on the line 5-5 of Fig. 3 and line 66 of Fig. 4;

Fig. 7 is an end View, partly in section, of one of the .iiieising rolls or drums; .F1g. 8 is a side view ofsaid roll, partly in section, as taken on the line 88 of Fig. 7 I

Fig. 9 is a side view of one of the incising teeth removed from the roll;

Fig. 10 is a sectional view through said tooth taken on the line 1010 of Fig. 9;

Fig, 11 is a side view of another form of incising tooth embodying our invention;

Fig. 12 is a sectional View through said .tooth taken on the line 12-12 of Fig. 11;

Fig. 13 is a longitudinal section through an incision made by the tooth 9;

Fig. 1a is a top view of said incis i .n.;.-.

Fig. 15 is a section through said incision taken on the line 1515 of Fig. 13; and

Fig. 16 is a diagrammatic View illustrating an arrangement of. incisions made by this machine.

Referring more particularly to Figs. land 2, it will be observed that We have provided a suitable base 18 supporting bed sections 19 and 21 upon and along which a tie or timber 22 is adapted to be moved. During its travel over this bed the timber passes be tween a pair .of vertically spaced incising rolls 23 and 24 and a pair of laterally spaced upright incising rolls 25 and 26, these numerals being generally applied. The lower roll 23 is supported in a stationary position in an opening 20 intermediate thebed sections 19 and 21. These rolls are peripherallly equipped with incising teeth which incise the four sides of the timber as will be more fully described hereinafter. In its passage through'the machine, the timberwill be guided on the bed section 19 by a stationary guide wall 27 and a guide roller 28 and on the bed section 21 by a stationary guide wall 29. The timber will be urged laterally against the guide wall 27 by means of a fluted roll 31 which is driven from the main drivingmchanism, as will be presently described. The timber may be fed into the machine by hand or any suitable power driven mechanism. y

We will consider first the mounting and the driving'of the incising rolls, and take up later the construction of the rolls or drums per so. As shown in Fig. 3, the shaft 32 to which the incising roll 23 is fixed, is journaled in suitable bearings 33 and 34 mounted on the base 18. This shaft 32 may be driven by power in any suitable manner, and in the present in; stance we haveshown for this purposd'an electric motor 35 mounted on the base 18 and driving a shaft 36 through means of a belt '37, which shaft is connected by spur gears 38 and 39 to a shaft 41, which in turn is connected by spur gears 42'and 43 to said shaft 32. The upper roll shaft 44 is driven from the lower roll shaft 32 by a sprocket chain 45 trained over sprocket wheels 46 on said roll shafts and over an idler, sprocket Wheel 47which serves as a chain tightener. The

imam-011 23 -will thus be rcvolv'edfiin' a counter clockwise direction and the upper roll a clockwise direction, viewing Fig. 2.

' Only one of the upright incising rolls,

.namely, What we term the inside roll 25, is.

driven by power. To this end any suitable means may be provided, such as a. driving train between the shaft 36 and theroll shaft 48 comprisingbevel gears 49, a horizontal shaft 51,.beve'l gears 52, a vertical shaft 53 i and spur gears 54.

The timber'feedroll 31 above referred to, mayalso'be suitably driven-as by a sprocket chain 55, driven from. a vertical shaft 56, in turn drivenby bevel gears 57 from the above mentioned shaft 41. ,It-will be noted that the feed'roll 31'is carried by a casing 58 which inclose'sfthe chain55 and is adapted to oscillate" aboutsaidshaft 56,-}1. compression spring 59 being'employedforairging the feed roll against the timb r. J I .1 B felrmg now to the mo masses vertically in accordance with the shape of I such timbers. To this end, we have journaled the shaft 44 in bearing blocks 61, each of which has an outer end 62 vertically slidable between ways 63 in the side frame 64 and 'arcuate end surfaces 65 adapted to bear against and rock on the ways 66. Each "bearing block has opposed lugs 67 through which passes-a spring rod 68. -To the lower end of each pair of spring rods 68 at each end of the roll mounting, is fixedly bolted a crossl1ead 69, and upon each rod is positioned a coil compression spring 71. An upper cross-head 72 loose on eaclrpair of rods 68 ,seats on these springs 71 and is connected by rods .73 to a lowermost cross-head 74 whiclr'is threadingly engaged on a vertical screw 75. Each screw 75, suitably journaled in the base, is equipped with a worm gear 76 in mesh with a worm 77 fixed to a shaft 78, which extends beyond one side ofthe base the-upper cross-head 72. The bearing blocks 61 are rigidly joined by a yoke 83 which likewise servesthe purpose OI a protective hood,-

open only on'the underside of the roll. From the foregoing it wi'llbe manifest that the position of the upper roll 24 with respect to the lower roll 23 may be Varied primarily by adjustment in accordance with the depth of the timber to be incised; that in any adgustcd position of such roll it has capacity for yielding upwardly at one or both ends against the pressure-of the springs 71 to accommodateyariations in shape and dimension ofthe timbers; that in any position of the upper roll, that is, whether horizontally disposed or tilted, its bearing blocks are supported with equal rigidity'and the same end thrust'bearing is obtained due to. the arcuate shape "of the ends of the bearing blocks; and that such tilting and vertical shifting of the upper roll does not affect its driving connection by reason of the factthat the chain 45 is so arranged as to allow vertical shifting of the roll center.

The vertical rolls 25 and 26 are mounted similarly to the horizontal rolls, and more,- over, both rolls are capable of adjustment in a horizontalplane for the purpose of backin the rolls awayfrom a timber so that the inclng teeth will not funct on tra n the case when only the horizontal rolls are employed tor incising a pole tie. As shown in Figs. 2 and l, the roll shafts 18 and 8st are journaled at opposite ends in bearing blocks and 86 mounted on horizontal ways 87 and between vertical ways 88 -for movement crosswise ot the machine. The end surfaces 89 of the bearing blocks adapted to bear against the horizontal bearing surfaces 87 are curved or a-rcuate to permit tilting of the rolls and still maintain the end thrust bearing. The bearing blocks for each roll are rigidly connected by a yoke 91, so that each roll constitutes an integral unit. Each bearing block of the roll 26 has con nected therewith a pair of spring rods 92 carrying fixed and loose cross-heads and compression springs similar to those described above, with reference to the roll 21. The rods 93 connected to the loose cross-head on the spring rods 92 are fixed to. crossheads 91 threadingly engaged on screws 95. Each of these screws has splined thereon, a spiral gear 96, held again'it axialdisplacement as shown in Fig. 6, and adapted to be turned by a complemental gear 97 fixed to a vertical shaft 98 in turn adapted to be rotated by means of a hand wheel 99 at the front of the machine through the agency oi a suitable shaft 101 and bevel gears 102 shown in Fig. 1. It will be apparent that by turning the hand wheel 99 both screws will be revolved, thereby feeding the roll 26 horizontally toward or from the roll 25.

The roll 25 is likewise horizontally adjust able but by axial translation of the screws 95, which are connected to the bearing blocks 85 and 86 of the roll 25 in the manner shown in dotted lines, Fig. 4. Each screw is connected at its opposite end with the side wall 103 of the frame or bed section in the manner shown in 6. That is', the outer end 104: of the screw is revoluble in a sleeve 105 confined by the nut 106 and.

shoulder 107 for axial translation with the screw 95. This sleeve is threaded at 108 at its inner end in a nut 109 fixed in said side wall 10;; and has keyed to its outer end a sprocket wheel 111. One of the sleeves 105 has keyed thereto a hand wheel 112. Both sprocket wheels 111 are connected by a sprocket chain. By turning the hand wheel 112, both sleeves 105 will be revolved, there" by feeding the screws95 outwardly or in wardly for correspondingly adjusting the position of the roll 25, it being noted that in Fig. 6 the screw 95- is at its innermost limit and that axial translation of the screw does not rotate the screw or disturb the gears 96 and 97. Inasmuch as the adjustment of the inside roll 25 is mainly for the purpose of backing away from the operative position,

, the movement need be only suiiieient to withdraw the incising teetlrirom the planeot the guide face 29 conset iiently, thisxmay h done without unmeshing the gears 5%. It will thus be seen that the vertical rolls are adjustable into and out of operative position and that the roll 26.is adjustable for diii'erent widths of timbers; that such adjustments may be quickly and easily made without disturbing the operative relation of the rolls, or the operativeness of their spring coii'ipensating' devices which permit the outside roll to tilt to accommodate irregular ties and insure penetration ofthe incising teeth to uniform depth.

Our invention also contemplates the provision of novel incising rolls and teeth, particularly advantageous for u -te in 21111216111118 oi the charactendescribed. Since each of the rolls 2? to 26 inclusive is of similar construction, a description of one will sutlice. Referring more particularlyto Figs. 7 to 10 inclusive showing the roll23, it will be observed that in its preferred embodiment this roll comprises a cylindrical drum or body 118 keyed to'the shaft 32 and having longitudinal slots 1L1 milled or otherwise formed at circumferentially spaced points} about its periphery. These slots reach substantially from end to end of said body and have opposed WtlllS'lIl angular relation, the

ana-

front and bottom'wall forming in thisjnstance a right angle and the rear and bottom wall an acute angle. In each of these slots is adapted to be positioned a series of incising teeth 115 and spacing blocks 116 arranged in alternation. Each spacing block, originally approximately square in cross section has a corner 118 beveled to an angle complemental to that of the angular wall of a slot. The incising teeth are formed preferably from flat stock and the shanks 118 are shaped complemental to the cross sectional shape of a'slot, so that upon entering said shanks and the spacing blocks in a slot in alternation the shanks of the teeth will be confined between the spacing blocks in the plane of rotation of the roll. While it is necessary to insert the spacing blocks from the ends of the slots, the incising teeth may be inserted between two separated blocks by canting the tooth to permit entrance of its wide end through the narrow outer end of the slot and upon straightening the tooth and moving the blocks together the tooth will be confined against outward and endwise displacement. The spacing blocks. may, however, be conveniently. re-. moved or replaced by withdrawal endwise to the annular channel 120 which intersects the slots 11a at one end of the roll. End plates 119 and 121 are secured to the ends of the body 113 .by bolts 122, the plate 121 carrying clamping screws'123 in registration with the slots 11 1 for clamping the at meanest mantling the roll. lit also enables variation in spacing and arrangement of the teeth so that the perforations will be most efiective for different woods, the lateral spacing being changed by the substitution of spacing blocks of diftei'ent lengths, and the distance between the rows by the substitution of a roll having a greater or less number of slots. The lncismg teeth are shaped to sever the grain crosswise the width ofeach tooth and substantially the full depth of the blade end,-

I with the result that incisions will be made of such character 1 as to insure maximum penetration of the preservative with minimum destruction of the wood structure.

The blade end of each tooth is of the same width as its shank end, substantiallyto its cutting edge 124. The forward edge 125 of the tooth may be straight as shown in Fig- 9, or curved ,as shown in Fig. 11. In this latter form the cutting edge 126 also extends crosswise of the tooth substantially the full width thereof and severs tl16 WOOd; fibers crosswise, to the full depth of penetration.

In the form'shown in Fig. 9, the heel or trailing edge of the tooth is beveled ateach side 12?, and in the form shown in Fig; 11,

both edges of the tooth are beveled at both sides as indicated by 128. This in addition to the tapered contour of the teeth, causes a wedging penetration, which spreads the fibers, although the cutting edges 124; and 126 actually sever the tibers the width of the tooth. The tooth shown in Fig. 9 will penetrate substantially as shown inl igs. 13, 1st

and 15,. from which it will be manifest that the wood cells are opened crosswise of the.

rain to the full depth of the incision. lde- :terring more particularly to the action of the cutter shown in Fig. 9 and to the cut or incision effected thereby shown in Fig. 13,

it will be observed that these cutter teeth are carried on the periphery of a. drum such 'as shown in Fig. 7, which revolves continuously in a counter-clockwise direction, and

that this being'the lower drum, the piece of timber is fed over it in the same-direction and at the' same speed as the periphery of said drum,the under-face of said 'timbcrbe ing substantially tangential tov said periph-' cry. In Fig. 1.3 the direction of travel 9f the timber is to the left, with the figure inverted so: that the incision 'will correspond to whatis produced by acutter tooth on the drum In the. eiiamp'le cited,.the cutting edge "12d enters the timber. severing the wood fibers crosswise the full width o f-the tooth and is;

forced by rolling action of thedrum into the wood to the depth indicated in" Fig. 13. Said edge 124-.severs the. .wood fibers crosswise throughout the depth ofthis incision or until the front face 125 or the-tooth is' perpendicular to "said-tangential uhder face of the timber. At-this pointjthes'h'a'pe cit the incision is substantiallyaasfshbwn in 18. Upon continued movement of the drum and the timber, the tooth rolls out of 'or withdraws from the incision much the same as the actionof an'involute spur gear, without affecting the incision to any appreciable extent. It will be noted that the fibers are severed crosswise to a substantial depth'by a l-shaped incision, thus .opening a relativel large area of the cellular structure'to the impregnating fluid Without appreciably impairing the strength of the wood. Inasnluch as the preservative fluid penetrates lengthwise of the grain considerably farther than crosswise, we arrange the teeth in spiral order, as shown in Fig. 16, which insures complete penetration of the fluid over the surface of the wood to a. uniform depth. In the present roll the rows ofteeth are two inches apart, and in the arrangement shown in Fig. 16 the distance between any two longitudinally aligned teeth A and B is ten inches, and the blocks 116 are of such length as to position the teeth 1 inches apart.

.For more refractory woods, the longitudinally aligned teeth will be brought closer together, that is, to every third, fourth or fifth row, as the case may be, proportional to the spread of the fluid, due to the cellular structure of the wood. Likewise, the crosswise spacing'of the teeth would be lessened. It:- will be manifest that by adjustably mounting the teeth in rows as described above, the spiral arrangement'may be at a greater or less pitch and the teeth brought into greater or less proximity to insure proper incising of the wood according to its physical structure. lncisingteeth of the character described are not only economical to produce, but they have considerable potential strength, are secured very rigidly to.

the roll and may be easily removed or replaced in case of breakage, and they are especially well adapted for making'up dif- 'tics theltwo vertical rolls will be backed off so that only the horizontal rolls 23 and 24 function to incise the opposed sides. As explained above, the rolls by reason of their compensating spring mountings, will automatically accommodate themselves to variations in shape and dimensions of a timber, thus insuring uniform penetration of the incising teeth. During the incising operation,

little or practically no wood fiber is removed it is believed that the foregoing conveys clear understanding of the objects prefaced above, and while we have illustrated but a single working embodiment, should be understood that consicerable change might q v I be made in the construction and arrangement without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as expressed in the appended claims: i

We claim 1. An incising machine of the character described having means for ineising timber including teeth each having a transverse cutting edge for severing the Wood fibers crosswise to the full depth of the incision by a rolling action.

2. An incising machine as set forth claim 1, in which said teeth arecarried on the periphery of a rotary incising roll and each tooth is substantially triangular in the plane of rotation with its base along said periphery and its cutting edge the opposite angle.

rin incising machine as set forth in claim 1, which said teeth are carried on the periphery of a rotary incising roll and each tooth is substantially triangular in the plane ot' rotation with its base along said periphery and its cutting edge at the opposite angle, and in which the front face of the tooth is substantially radial with respect to the roll.

l. An incising machine as set forth in claim 1, in which said teeth are carried. on the periphery of a rotary incisin i ll. and each tooth is substantially trinaguiar in the plane oi rotation with its base along said periphery and its cutting edge opposite angle, and in which the heel. or trailing edge oi the tooth is beveled on each side In an incisingmachine of the character described, the combination. oi. rotary incising rolls, and incising teeth, each i ed off a body oi lat material :1 oviding a snanl-r gor-- tion and a blade portion, the shank portion being adapted to be secured in the peripheral portion oi? a roll with the liat plane of the tooth body parallel, with the plane of rotation of the roll, and the front and faces of the blade portion. converging outwardly from its shank portion and terminating in a cutting edge parallel with the axis of rotation of the roll.

(3. In an incising machine as set forth in claim 5, each roll having a plurality of circumierentially spaced slots in its peripheral portion extending lengthwise thereof, and means for securing the ineising teeth in said slots including spacing blocks arranged in each slot in alternation with the shank portions of the teeth and means for clamping" said blocks and 'teeth in the slots and for permitti removal of any of the teeth independently the others T. In an incismg machine as set forth in claim 5 each roll. havin a )luralit oifcin.

cumfereutially spaced slots in its peripheral portion extending lengthwise thereof, and

means for securing the incising teeth in saidslots including spacing blocks arranged in each slot in alternation with the shanl: portions of the teeth and means for clamping said blocks and teeth in theslots and for permitting removal of any of the teeth independently of the others, each slot having an inclined retaining Wall, and said spacing blocks and the shank portions of the teeth being shaped to ht and be held in each slot by the retaining .wall thereof.

8; in an incising machine of the character described, an incising roll having circum'lerentially and axially spaced incis ing teeth, each formed of ilut stock and tapered toward its outer end which 'tcrinin fls in a transverse cutting I k7 edge of each tooth being reduced at its sides.

lu an incising machine or the character described, a pair or opposed llTlClSll'lg rolls, one roll being journuled in lined bearings and the other in bearings rigidly tied together and mounted to independently yield to accommodate irregularities and variations in shape of timbers.

10. in an iucising machine of the character described, a pair of opposed incising rolls adapted for incising opposite sides ot a timber, one of said rolls being journaled at each end in a bearing block, a yoke connecting; said bearing blocks, ways on which said bearing bloclrs are slidable "for movement of the roll toward and from its companion roll, said bearing blocks having arcuate surfaces operable on said ways and permitting tilting of its roll with respect to said companion roll.

11. in an incising; machine of the character described, a pair of spaced incisinp; rolls journalcd at their ends in bearing blocks, a spring-carrying rod attached to the bearing blocks of one of the rolls at opposite sides lhci'col' l'oi' yicldiuo'ly supporting" said .roll, a screw rod connected with the pair of Springcurrying rods at each end of said roll, and means for simultaneously rotating the screw rods for adjusting said yicldublo roll with respect to its companion roll.

12. in un incising machine, means for incisinc a timber including iucising teeth, each having a transverse cutting edge adapted for severing the grain crosswise to the full depth of penetration.

13. In an incising machine of the character described, means for perforating u timber comprising teeth, each having a transverse cutting edge adapted for severing, the grain crosswise to the full depth of penctill tration and having a tapered edge which riphery thereof, adapted for perforating a timber by rotation of the'roll, each tooth having a transverse cutting edge forsevering the grain crosswise to the "full depth of the incision.

15. In an incising machine of the character descrlbed, a pair of lncising rolls each equipped with incising teeth and journaled 1) at its ends in bearing blocks, and means-supporting one of the rolls so that it may yield bodily or at either end to accommodate irregularities in the timber being incised, in-

cluding arcuate end thrust surfaces on the in bearing blocks.

DANIEL W. EDWARDS. JUDSON 1s. MANSFIELD. 

